Showing posts with label home. Show all posts
Showing posts with label home. Show all posts
Wednesday, September 24, 2014
How to Make a Simple Inverter Circuit at Home
The 60 Hz inverter shown below is about as simple to make and as inexpensive as one could desire. Yes, it is capable of providing some very useful services. Operating from an automobile battery, it can supply 50 W for the operation of such devices as an ac-dc radio, electric shaver, fluorescent lamp, small soldering iron, 40 W incandescent lamp, recorder, or portable phonograph. Its essential ingredients are a filament transformer and two general-purpose germanium power transistors.
Although this is a saturable-core oscillator, no separate feedback windings are employed. Rather, feedback is produced by cross-coupled connections in the manner of a multivibrator. At a full load, the efficiency is in the vicinity of 75 percent, and the output voltage is about 106 V.
The "mild" pi-section filter despikes the output waveform and causes a trapezoid wave, rather than the usual square wave, to be available at the output. This makes the device more suitable for the operation of radios, recorders, and other electronic equipment.
In this type of circuit, the efficiency, frequency, output voltage, and starting ability are interdependent to a marked degree. Accordingly, some experimentation with the biasing resistances may prove profitable.
It is likely, however, that only one of them, such as R1, might have to be modified. Insofar as possible, the biasing networks for the two transistors should be approximately balanced.
Otherwise, an unsymmetrical waveform, unequal transistor dissipation, and other malfunctions.can result.
Simple Inverter Circuit Diagram:
The wiring details for the above circuit may be understood with the help of the following diagram:
Although this is a saturable-core oscillator, no separate feedback windings are employed. Rather, feedback is produced by cross-coupled connections in the manner of a multivibrator. At a full load, the efficiency is in the vicinity of 75 percent, and the output voltage is about 106 V.
The "mild" pi-section filter despikes the output waveform and causes a trapezoid wave, rather than the usual square wave, to be available at the output. This makes the device more suitable for the operation of radios, recorders, and other electronic equipment.
In this type of circuit, the efficiency, frequency, output voltage, and starting ability are interdependent to a marked degree. Accordingly, some experimentation with the biasing resistances may prove profitable.
It is likely, however, that only one of them, such as R1, might have to be modified. Insofar as possible, the biasing networks for the two transistors should be approximately balanced.
Otherwise, an unsymmetrical waveform, unequal transistor dissipation, and other malfunctions.can result.
Simple Inverter Circuit Diagram:
The wiring details for the above circuit may be understood with the help of the following diagram:
Thursday, September 18, 2014
1 W Home Stereo Amplifier Wiring diagram Schematic
This is a one watt home stereo amplifier module project using the KA2209 IC from Samsung, which is equivalent to the TDA2822. It operates from 3-12V DC & will work from a battery since the dormant current drain is low. It requires no heat sink for normal use. The input & output are both ground referenced. Maximum output will be obtained with a 12V power supply & 8 ohm speaker, however it is suitable for driving headphones from a supply as low as 3V.
The Specifications of the home stereo amplifier :
The Specifications of the home stereo amplifier :
D.C. input : 3 – 12 V at 200 – 500 mA max
Idle current : approx. 10 mA
Power output : > 1 Watt max. 4-8 ohms, 12V DC
Freq. Resp. : approx. 40 Hz to 200 kHz, 8 ohm, G=10
THD : < 1 % @ 750 mW, 4-8 ohm, 12V
Gain : approx. x10 (20 dB) OR x100 (40dB)
S/N ratio : > 80 dB, G = 20 dB
Sensitivity : < 300 mV, G = 20 dB
Input Impedance : approx. 10 k ohm
Idle current : approx. 10 mA
Power output : > 1 Watt max. 4-8 ohms, 12V DC
Freq. Resp. : approx. 40 Hz to 200 kHz, 8 ohm, G=10
THD : < 1 % @ 750 mW, 4-8 ohm, 12V
Gain : approx. x10 (20 dB) OR x100 (40dB)
S/N ratio : > 80 dB, G = 20 dB
Sensitivity : < 300 mV, G = 20 dB
Input Impedance : approx. 10 k ohm
Description
The gain is adjustable from ten to 100, i.e. twenty to 40 dB. Start with feedback resistors R1 and R3 of 1k ohm, this will give a gain of ten which ought to be adequate for most applications. In case you need more gain, you can remove resistors R1 and R3.This will give a gain of about 100, or 40 dB.The input attenuation can be adjusted by the potentiometer which can be used as a volume control. The IC gain ought to be kept as low as necessary to accomplish full output, with the in put potentiometer and your signal source at maximum.
1 W Home Stereo Amplifier Circuit Diagram
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1 W Home Stereo Amplifier Circuit Diagram
Voltage Gain = 1+ R1/R2 = 1+R3/R4, however the maximum gain with no outside feedback is about 100, or 40dB. (GdB = 20log Gv)
This will keep the signal to noise ratio as high as feasible. Additional gain provided by the amplifier will reduce the S/N ratio by a similar amount, since the input noise figure is constant. Other values for R1 and R3 of between 1k and 10k ohm can be used if an intermediate gain level is necessary.
This will keep the signal to noise ratio as high as feasible. Additional gain provided by the amplifier will reduce the S/N ratio by a similar amount, since the input noise figure is constant. Other values for R1 and R3 of between 1k and 10k ohm can be used if an intermediate gain level is necessary.
If driving a pair of headphones, you may also need a 100 ohm resistor in series with each output to reduce the output level, depending on headphone impedance & sensitivity. Make positive you start with the volume right down to check. Numerous headphones may be driven from the amplifier in the event you wish, since most headphones have at least 16 ohm impedance, or more often 32 ohm.
There are only a few outside parts, the IC contains most of the necessary schemary. R1,R2 and R3,R4 are the feedback resistors. C1 provides power supply decoupling. C2 and C3 are the input coupling capacitors, which block any DC that might-be present on the inputs. C4,C5 block DC in the feed back schema from the inverting inputs, and C6,C7 are the output coupling capacitors. C8, R5 and C9,R6 act as Nobel networks providing a high frequency load to maintain stability at frequencies where loud speaker inductive reactant may become excessive. The pot provides adjustable input level attenuation.
Tuesday, September 16, 2014
Power Line Modem Circuit for Home Automation Application
Imagine you have a master controller device that control other devices in your house, and you don’t need to install any additional wires to facilitate the data communication between the master controller and the controlled devices. Yes you’s life will be easier since all you need is just plugging your devices into your power line outlet, the devices will communicate each-other through the power line while using the line to enpower them! The secret is the powerline modem, a modem that use the powerline wiring as their media to exchange the data. Philips Semiconductors has a single chip powerline modem solution, a TDA5051A IC chip. Here is the schematic diagram of this powerline modem circuit.
The TDA5051A single chip power line modem is equipped with protection of its output power stage and automatic gain control (AGC) of input signal. With simple coupling network, this power line modem is compliance with EN50065-1 power line communication standard.This power line modem circuit uses ASK (amplitude shift keying) for the modulation, and operate on 5V supply.
Friday, December 27, 2013
TDA2030A 35W Amplifier used in Home Theaters
TDA2030A is a well used class AB audio amplifier IC. This one is mostly used in nowadays home theater systems for it’s some good features,
This can be operated with single supply line, but that topology gives less output power, hence this bi-voltage topology is used everywhere. We need to provide +/- 12V to it. We can easily get +12V and -12V from a 12-0-12 CT step down transformer. And, as this IC doesn’t require regulated supply, we can feed voltage directly from rectifier with just a capacitor. Well, the IC costs around 25 rupees, and together with all other materials as PCB, other parts the cost of final board doesn’t exceed 70-75 rupees.
Here continue read..
- Small size IC(package PENTAWATT V, almost size of regular TO220)
- Maximum voltage range (upto 44Volts Vs MAx)
- Very low harmonic and cross-over distortion.
- Suited for more reliable applications without regulated supply
- Up to 35Watts RMS driver output
- Thermal shutdown protection
This can be operated with single supply line, but that topology gives less output power, hence this bi-voltage topology is used everywhere. We need to provide +/- 12V to it. We can easily get +12V and -12V from a 12-0-12 CT step down transformer. And, as this IC doesn’t require regulated supply, we can feed voltage directly from rectifier with just a capacitor. Well, the IC costs around 25 rupees, and together with all other materials as PCB, other parts the cost of final board doesn’t exceed 70-75 rupees.
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