Circuit Diagram Knowledge: speed

Showing posts with label speed. Show all posts

Monday, November 17, 2014

DC Motor Speed Control using PWM

The so-called PWM or Witdh modulation is a technique often used to control a load, for example, is the control of DC motor speed PWM techniques are used frequently.

Usually to make a simple PWM (for practice or the introduction PWM) fans to use some of the facts of the op-amp circuit, which consists of Schmitt Trigger circuit, the integrator and comparator.

Schmitt Trigger function that produces a square wave will become the sawtooth wave or integrator is also called common rail and the ramp compared to a reference voltage that can change a lot of stress. So the result is a PWM output.

These two schemes are variations of different circuit PWM. The diagrams are for 12V operation and there are upper (ground) and low side (+12 V common) versions. The version of the lower circuit uses an N-channel FET, the high-side version of the circuit uses a P-channel FET. N channel devices tend to handle more current P-channel devices, which are also less expensive. The version of the high side of the circuit is useful when a portion of the load must be grounded.

This circuit can change a fairly high amount of current, a MOSFET IRFZ34N can handle over 35 Amps if connected to an adequate heat sink. Higher power FETs, such as IRF1010Z IRFZ48N or can be substituted if even larger currents are required. It is also possible to connect multiple FETs in parallel even more current capacity. Always use thermally conductive grease between the FET and the heat sink, and remember that the heatsink is under stress.

Inductive loads (motors) may require special care because it can generate large voltage spikes that can damage the MOSFET. Replacing a 1N4002 fast recovery diode can help absorb the recoil reverse voltage when driving an inductive load like a motor. If you use these circuits to experiment with electric vehicles, be sure to install a circuit breaker in series with the battery, the switch should be easy to reach by the driver. This is especially important given the fact that when non-MOSFETs, is often cut, leaving the engine running at full speed

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Wednesday, November 12, 2014

LM317 based DC motor speed controller with circuit

A very simple DC motor speed controller circuit can be constructed using a LM317 voltage regulator integrated circuit . This DC motor speed controller can be used for speed control of mini drills or for other small DC motors . This motor controller circuit will provide a large output current . The maximum output current from the secondary turns of the transformer shout provide 1.5 times of the maximum DC output current . The output voltage and the speed ( rpm ) is set by the P2 variable resistor .

As soon as the current drawn exceeds a certain value , T2 will be switched on . This results in a base current for T3 so that R5 is in parallel with R6 . This automatically raise the output voltage to counter a threatened drop in rpm . The moment at which this action occurs is set by P1 .

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Tuesday, December 24, 2013

Automotive Speed Indicator

The speed of an automobile can be indicated by detecting the pulses generated by the ignition system and causing an LED to light. The circuit utilizes a quad NOR gate IC chip. Two of the gates are configured as a one shot multivibrator which produces a fixed duration pulse each time the primary circuit of the automobile ignition system opens the circuit to the ignition coil. The other 2 gates are used as buffers which provide an accurate rectangle pulse.

As the number of pulses per second increases, the voltage fed to the base of of the NPN transistor becomes high enough to cause it to conduct and turn on the LED. The speed at which the LED lights is set by R4. The input of the circuit is connected to the distributor side of the ignition coil or to the tachometer connection on those cars that are equipped with electronic ignition.

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