Tuesday, November 18, 2014
Loop Control Automatic Reversing Circuit Diagram
It is not the purpose of this folio to accommodate a abundant account of the ICs acclimated by this circuit. If you appetite added advice on this accountable amuse accredit to the Flip-Flop Made With A LM556 Timer Chip folio in the assorted circuits area of this armpit and additionally the Visible Light Photo Detector Circuits.
*The ambit uses the basal phototransistor detector ambit to faculty the position of a alternation that is abutting or is in the abandoning loop.
*Track polarity abandoning is not covered by this folio and will accept to be bent by the user.
Please Read Afore Using These Ambit Ideas
The explanations for the circuits on these pages cannot achievement to awning every bearings on every layout. For this acumen be able to do some experimenting to get the after-effects you want. This is abnormally accurate of circuits such as the "Across Track Infrared Detection" circuits and any added ambit that relies on added than absolute cyberbanking inputs, such as switches.
If you use any of these ambit ideas, ask your genitalia supplier for a archetype of the manufacturers abstracts bedding for any apparatus that you accept not acclimated before. These bedding accommodate a abundance of abstracts and ambit architecture advice that no cyberbanking or book commodity could access and will save time and conceivably accident to the apparatus themselves. These abstracts bedding can generally be begin on the web armpit of the accessory manufacturers.
Although the circuits are anatomic the pages are not meant to be abounding descriptions of anniversary ambit but rather as guides for adapting them for use by others. If you accept any questions or comments amuse accelerate them to the email abode on the Ambit Index page.
Video Amplifier Circuits
Video amplifier circuit is simple and can be used. Video amplifier circuit was constructed from 2 pieces of transistors BC550 and BC560. The source voltage used for supplying the video amplifier circuit is 5VDC. Video amplifier circuit is equipped with a powerful regulator which flows through both transistors T1 and T2, the components used to manage these flows are P1 and P2. Then the video amplifier circuit is also equipped with limiting the maximum current that passes through T1 and T2. The components in black block functions as limiting the maximum current that is passed by the T1 and T2 for no more than 5mA.
Interface LCD SED 1200 and Mikorokontroler AT89C2051
Microcontroller AT89C2051 is a 20 pin version of the microcontroller AT89C51. Technical interface to microcontroller AT89C51 AT89C2051 and can be prepared very simply. SED 1200 LCD can be used to display 20 letters / numbers very good, quite adequate for displaying telephone numbers and other short message message. As the LCD display in general, SED1200 consists of two parts, namely the LCD panel which consist of many points LCD and a microcontroller attached to the panel and serves to set the dots LCDd be the letters / numbers that read, as well as functions for communication between the LCD display with another microcontroller using the LCD display. Task LCD display microcontroller users only send ASCII codes to be displayed.
In the data sheet says SED1200 LCD display is compatible with 4-bit microprocessor and 8 bits, this is due to SED1200 only equipped with 4 channels of data (DB0 .. db3) is used to distribute the ASCII code or command to set its SED1200. In terms of ASCII codes and commands are all 8-bit codes, the codes were sent twice, which first shipped is 4 bits are weighted higher (most significant bit - D4 .. D7) and then the remaining 4 bits (D0. . D3). In addition to DB0 .. db3, SED1200 also equipped with CS, WR and A0 such as components that are compatible with the microprocessor, which is somewhat distorted signal CLK lajut which will be discussed further below.
A0 is used to distinguish data that is sent to the SED1200, if A0 = 0 data sent is a command to control the SED1200 and vice versa if A0 = 1 data sent is ASCII code you want to display.
The process of sending data to the SED1200 depicted in Figure 1 can be described as follows:
CS signal is used to activate the process of sending this data, during this process CS activated by voltage level 0 .
The data will be sent to the SED1200 prepared at DB0 .. db3, as discussed above codes are sent to the SED1200 split into 2 time delivery, this is seen clearly in Figure 1 which describes the delivery of D4 .. D7 .. D0 and subsequent delivery D3.
After the data is ready, WR signal is used as a signal of commando for the SED1200 to retrieve the data on DB0 .. db3. Data collection is exactly what happened at the time of WR changed from 0 to 1
Interface to AT89C2051
AT89C51 AT89C2051 is a simplified into a microcontroller which only the legs of 20, a simplification that resulted AT89C2051 not have the legs DB0 .. DB7, P2.0 .. P27, WR, RD and ALE and how many other feet, other than that the instruction MOVX @ DPTR, A can not be used, thus the circuit of Figure 2 at all can not be used for the AT89C2051, and instead made the circuit of Figure 3, in this series and WR DB0 .. db3 replaced with Port 1 and its function is simulated through the program.
SED1200 CLK foot foot connected with P1.7 AT89C2051, SED1200 pulses required to process the received data generated by the program, it is not necessary to provide a special circuit to generate clock.
Cuts Program 2 is a sub-routine to control the SED1200 are connected to the AT89C2051 as shown in Figure 3, before taking the second sub-routine, the data to be sent to the SED1200 had to be prepared in the accumulator A.
Differences sub-routine and KirimASCII KirimPerintah lies in the value A0 at the time of the sub-routine work. Sub-routine KirimPerintah work with A0 = 0 (line 7), AT89C2051 received data sent as a command to set the SED1200 SED1200 work. Sub-routine KirimASCII work with A0 = 1 (line 11), received the data sent AT89C2051 SED1200 as ASCII code to be displayed
Throughout the process activated by the CS data transmission voltage level 0 is done in line 13 and in his re-nonaktip on line 19.
Data in the accumulator A is sent byte-by-half-byte half twice, first sent A4 .. A7 (lines 15 and 16) then sent A0 .. A3 (lines 17 and 18).
Given AT89C2051 no ALE signal instead row 22 to be raised 16 to 25 clock pulses required by the CLK SED1200. 16 pulse is generated after A.0 .. A.3 sent to the SED1200, out of the sub-routine is SED1200 is ready to receive data again.
Line 29 to 36 Discount Program 2 simulates line 21 Discount Program 1, in line 29 feet WR SED1200 in zero out, lines 30 to 35 send to DB0 A0 .. A3 .. db3 (P1.0 .. P1.3) without changing the other signals are already in Port 1. In line 36 WR returned to 1 , then that information on DB0 .. db3 taken by SED1200.
Monday, November 17, 2014
DC Motor Speed Control using PWM
Usually to make a simple PWM (for practice or the introduction PWM) fans to use some of the facts of the op-amp circuit, which consists of Schmitt Trigger circuit, the integrator and comparator.
Schmitt Trigger function that produces a square wave will become the sawtooth wave or integrator is also called common rail and the ramp compared to a reference voltage that can change a lot of stress. So the result is a PWM output.
These two schemes are variations of different circuit PWM. The diagrams are for 12V operation and there are upper (ground) and low side (+12 V common) versions. The version of the lower circuit uses an N-channel FET, the high-side version of the circuit uses a P-channel FET. N channel devices tend to handle more current P-channel devices, which are also less expensive. The version of the high side of the circuit is useful when a portion of the load must be grounded.
This circuit can change a fairly high amount of current, a MOSFET IRFZ34N can handle over 35 Amps if connected to an adequate heat sink. Higher power FETs, such as IRF1010Z IRFZ48N or can be substituted if even larger currents are required. It is also possible to connect multiple FETs in parallel even more current capacity. Always use thermally conductive grease between the FET and the heat sink, and remember that the heatsink is under stress.
Inductive loads (motors) may require special care because it can generate large voltage spikes that can damage the MOSFET. Replacing a 1N4002 fast recovery diode can help absorb the recoil reverse voltage when driving an inductive load like a motor. If you use these circuits to experiment with electric vehicles, be sure to install a circuit breaker in series with the battery, the switch should be easy to reach by the driver. This is especially important given the fact that when non-MOSFETs, is often cut, leaving the engine running at full speed
PWMMotor Driver
As the title "PWM DC Motor Driver with Forward / Reverse and Breaking" this series is a PWM DC motor controller that can control DC motors with clockwise rotation and counter-clockwise and is equipped with a braking system.
In a series DC motor control PWM DC Motor Driver with Forward / Reverse and Breaking use this system for SASL PWM DC motor rotation speed. Power driver in a series DC motor PWM DC Motor Driver with Forward / Reverse and Breaking uses mosfet IRF150. Then, to control the direction of rotation of DC motor in the circuit of PWM DC Motor Driver with Forward / Reverse and Breaking uses relays. Then the braking system on a series of PWM DC Motor Driver with Forward / Reverse and Breaking is done by a resistor that is connected to the motor using relays.
Fig circuit PWM DC Motor Driver with Forward / Reverse and Breaking
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| PWMMotor Driver |
See image details a series of PWM DC Motor Driver with Forward / Reverse and Breaking above. DC motor speed is set to pulse through the input PWM PWM, Power driver uses and the protection mosfet IRF150 with D7 as dumping. Then to start and stop is controlled via the logic input lines provided on the start / stop circuit PWM DC Motor Driver. Line inputs are used to set the reverse direction of rotation of DC motor that is with merberikan logic 1 / 0 on the path. R19 in the circuit of PWM DC Motor Driver serves as an expense to do the braking puteran DC motor.
GSM Cell Phone Jammer Circuit
A admirable diy gsm jammer or cellular adaptable buzz jammer schematic diagram for use alone in GSM1900 with abundance from 1930 MHz to 1990 MHz. The GSM1900 cellular corpuscle buzz arrangement is fabricated use of by USA, Canada and best of the nations in South America.
This cellular buzz jammer isnt applicative for use in Europe, Center East, nor Asia. The GSM jammer ambit could block adaptable adaptable buzz signals which operates on GSM1900 band, additionally articular as DCS.
This cellular buzz jammer isnt applicative for use in Europe, Center East, nor Asia. The GSM jammer ambit could block adaptable adaptable buzz signals which operates on GSM1900 band, additionally articular as DCS.
Timer 555 Schematic
Simple Timer With 555 is one example of a simple timer and can be applied to electronic equipment. With 555 Timer Simple series takes advantage of the mode of the IC monostable multivibrator 555. With the relay output control circuit can be used to control equipment with AC voltage source. With 555 Timer Simple circuit can work with source voltage of 5 - 12VDC depending on the relay used. In order to use Simple Timer With this 555 can be started by pressing the switch S1 to start the process of timing. In the relay there are 2 options that is normaly Close connection (NC) and normaly open (NO).
The duration of the timing circuit 555 Simple Timer With RC configuration is determined by the VR 1 MOhm and C 10uF. Active timer duration can be calculated with the formula T = 1.1 RC where T (seconds), R (Ohm) and C (farad). To get more accurate results R and C components referred to in the formula should use good quality components, namely C of tantalum material and R with the quality of 1%.
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